Valve Disease

Shortness of breath is a symptom of heart valve disease, which is a common cause of heart failure. Problems with heart valves, which are the leaflet-like structures that control blood flow between the chambers of the heart, include narrowed or stiffened valves (stenosis), valves that close improperly (prolapse), allowing blood to flow backwards (regurgitation), and valves that are improperly formed (atresia). People with mild valve disease may have no symptoms for years before developing symptoms similar to those associated with heart failure. Valve disease can also result in pulmonary hypertension, or high blood pressure in the lungs. Aortic stenosis, which occurs when the aortic valve narrows and restricts blood flow from the heart, is one of the most serious and common types of valve disease.

Women with aortic stenosis are more likely than men to report shortness of breath, exercise intolerance, and physical frailty, and they are more likely to have lower scores on the New York Heart Association Functional Classification. Men with valve disease are more likely than women with valve disease to report chest pain.

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